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There is a desire to further improve these adhesives, in particular by increasing mechanical properties such as tensile strength and modulus. More general purpose automotive adhesives tend to contain lower amounts of rubbers (such as up to about 4% by weight), as the demands on these adhesives is usually not as great. CDAs tend to have somewhat high rubber contents, typically in the range of from 4 to 20% by weight, especially from 5 to 15%, in order to provide the necessary balance of adhesion, impact resistance, and strength. A commonly used toughener is a capped polyurethane and/or polyurea as described in U.S. The rubber is typically a liquid polymer or copolymer of a diene monomer, such as a butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer of the types described in U.S. In order to obtain the good balance of properties that are needed to meet stringent automotive performance requirements, epoxy adhesives are often formulated with various rubbers and “tougheners”. Adhesives of this type are sometimes referred to as “crash durable adhesives”, or “CDAs”. Some of these adhesives must strongly resist failure during vehicle collision situations. In the automotive industry, epoxy resin adhesives are used in many bonding applications, including metal-metal bonding in frame and other structures in automobiles. This invention relates to a rubber-modified epoxy resin based adhesive.Įpoxy resin based adhesives are used in many applications.